After evaluating the results of your headache history,
physical examination, and neurological examination, your physician should be
able to determine what type of headache you have, whether or not a serious
problem is present, and whether additional tests are needed.
When additional tests may be needed
If the results of the physical exam show signs of a
condition within your brain that may be causing the headaches (organic cause),
additional laboratory tests may be needed.
An imaging test called a computed tomography (CT) scan
or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan may be recommended if a structural
disorder of the central nervous system is suspected. Both of these tests produce
cross-sectional images of the brain that can reveal problems within the brain.
Skull X-rays are not helpful. An electroencephalogram
(EEG) is also unnecessary unless a person has lost consciousness with his or her headaches.
Although additional tests may be important to ensure
that the headaches are not the result of a serious medical condition, they do
not help in diagnosing migraine, cluster, or tension-type headaches.
How are headaches treated?
The proper treatment will depend on several factors,
including the type and frequency of the headache and its cause. Treatment may
include education, stress management, biofeedback, and medication and physical
therapy education.
Headache education
Education includes learning and recording what
triggers the headaches, such as lack of sleep, a poor diet, your environment, or
stress. Your health care provider may give you a Headache Diary to record the
characteristics of your headaches and can recommend ways of managing headache
triggers. Bring the diary with you to all of your doctor appointments; this
information will help your healthcare providers correctly treat your headaches.
Relaxation techniques
Learning relaxation techniques can help you reduce
headaches. If you have a headache, you should:
- Lie down and relax
- Stretch and relax the muscles
- Take breaks from activities that trigger or provoke headaches, such as
using the computer for long periods of time or exercising strenuously
There are several other methods you can use to relax
or reduce stress, including:
- Deep breathing exercises
- Progressive muscle relaxation
- Mental imagery relaxation
- Relaxation to music
- Biofeedback (explained below)
- Counseling, which can help you recognize and release stress
Biofeedback
Biofeedback can help you learn stress-reduction skills
by providing information about muscle tension, heart rate, and other vital signs
as you try to relax. It is used to gain control over certain bodily functions
which cause tension and physical pain.