What Happens

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may cause irritation or inflammation in the esophagus. This condition is called esophagitis. GERD without esophagitis is sometimes called nonerosive reflux disease.

If you have mild GERD symptoms—an uncomfortable feeling of burning, warmth, heat, or pain just behind the breastbone—you may be able to treat yourself with nonprescription medicines that reduce or block acid. For more information, see Medications.

Advanced GERD can cause complications such as:

• Severe inflammation of the lining of the esophagus (esophagitis), esophageal erosion, and ulcers.
• Narrowing of the esophagus.
• Barrett's esophagus, in which the cells that line the inside of the esophagus are replaced by cells similar to those that line the inside of the stomach and intestine. Barrett's esophagus is not common, but it can lead to cancer of the esophagus.
• Respiratory problems, such as a persistent cough, asthma, pneumonia, and laryngitis.
• The speeding up of tooth decay, because stomach acid gets into the mouth and wears away tooth enamel.

Some people who have GERD may be at increased risk for cancer of the esophagus.