Tooth sensitivity is tooth discomfort in one or more teeth that
is triggered by hot, cold, sweet or sour foods and drinks, or even
by breathing cold air. The pain can be sharp, sudden, and shoot
deep into the nerve endings of your teeth.
What causes tooth sensitivity?
Tooth sensitivity
occurs when the underlying layer of your teeth -- the dentin --
becomes exposed as a result of receding gum tissue (the protective
blanket that covers the tooth roots). The roots, which are not
covered by hard enamel, contain thousands of tiny tubules leading
to the tooth's never center (the pulp). These dentinal
tubules (or channels) allow the stimuli -- for example, the hot,
cold, or sweet food -- to reach the nerve in your tooth, which
results in the pain you feel.
There are many factors that may lead to the development of tooth
sensitivity, including:
- Brushing too hard: Over time, brushing too hard or using
a hard-bristled toothbrush can wear down enamel and cause the
dentin to be exposed. It can also cause recession of the gums (the
gum tissue pulls away from the teeth).
- Recession of the gums: As gums move away from a tooth
because of conditions such as periodontal disease, the root surface
becomes exposed.
- Gum disease: Inflamed and sore gum tissue may cause
sensitivity because of the loss of supporting ligaments, which
exposes the root surface that leads directly to the nerve of the
tooth.
- Cracked teeth: Chipped or broken teeth may fill with
bacteria from plaque and enter the pulp, causing inflammation.
- Teeth grinding: grinding or clenching your teeth may
wear down the enamel and expose underlying dentin.
- Tooth whitening products or toothpaste with baking soda and
peroxide: These products are major contributors to tooth
sensitivity.
- Age: Tooth sensitivity is highest between the ages of 25
and 30.
- Plaque buildup: The presence of plaque on the root
surfaces can cause sensitivity.
- Mouthwash use: Long-term use of some mouthwashes. Some
over-the-counter mouthwashes contain acids that can worsen tooth
sensitivity if you have exposed dentin (the middle layer of the
tooth). The acids further damage the dentin layer of the tooth. If
you have dentin sensitivity, ask your dentist about the use of a
neutral fluoride solution.
- Acidic foods: Regular consumption of foods with a high
acid content, such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, pickles, and tea,
can cause enamel erosion.
- Recent routine dental procedures: Sensitivity can occur
following teeth cleaning, root planing, crown placement, and tooth
restoration. Sensitivity caused by dental procedures is temporary
and usually disappears in 4 to 6 weeks.