Treatment Overview

Barrier methods of birth control block sperm from entering the uterus. Using a spermicide with a barrier method gives you the best possible barrier method protection.

• The spermicide kills most of the sperm that enter the vagina.
• The barrier method then blocks any remaining sperm from passing through the cervix to fertilize an egg.

Barrier methods include the diaphragm, cervical cap, cervical shield, male condom, and female condom and spermicidal foam, sponges, and film. Unlike other methods of birth control, barrier methods are used only when you have sexual intercourse. Be sure to read the instructions before using a barrier method. It is very important that you use a barrier method correctly every time you have sex.

For more information, see how to use a condom and how to use a female condom.

Sexually transmitted disease protection

Male or female condoms are the only birth control methods that protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To help protect yourself and your partner from STD infection, be sure to use a condom every time you have sex.

What To Expect After Treatment

Follow the directions for your choice of barrier method. After sexual intercourse:

• A male or female condom is removed promptly and thrown away.
• A contraceptive sponge has to be left in for 6 or more hours, then removed and thrown away.
• A diaphragm or cervical cap has to be left in for 6 or more hours, then washed and stored for reuse.
• A cervical shield is left in for 8 or more hours, then washed and stored for reuse.

Why It Is Done

Condoms are necessary when you need to protect yourself or your partner from sexually transmitted disease (STD) or when you do not know that you are both infection-free. Latex or polyurethane male condoms give you and your partner the most effective possible protection from STDs, including infection with HIV. Natural membrane (sheepskin) condoms do not protect you against all STDs.

Barrier methods of birth control, such as a diaphragm, cervical cap, cervical shield, or condom, are a good choice if:

• You want an option that does not require hormones or insertion of an intrauterine device.
• You want an option that does not restrict when you have sexual intercourse, such as natural family planning.
• You are planning to become pregnant soon and prefer a method you can stop using anytime you want.
• You are breast-feeding.
• You have heavy menstrual periods. A diaphragm may be used for birth control during a menstrual period and can contain the menstrual blood as long as it is not left in for longer than 6 hours at a time.
• You and your partner find it easy to use the method every time you have sex.